摘要
This paper derives the…
This paper puts forward a new method to …
前言
1．研究目的（purpose of the study）
This problem concerned (deals, bears)(briefly, meanly, largely) with …
This is a problem relating to …
Our work is devoted to…
The Primery goal of the present research is..
The work presented in this paper focuses in…
The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of …
The chief aim of study is …
The laboratory study demonstrates (suggestes, indicates, reveals, establishes) …
Doing this work, we intend (hope, expect, attempt) to…
Carry out (undertaking, performing, initiating) this study, we hope to …
The principal purpose (objective, task) of the present (preliminery, further) work is to investage the features of (mechanisms involved in, effects prodused by) …
2．背景和历史（background and history）
This problem was (first) advanced by …
The Problem under discussion was formulated ( raised, posed, brought up, put forward) by …
Since then the problem has attracted (fascinated) many scientists (workers in this field) ..
This problem has been clarified (e;usidated, solved) …
The problem as can be seen (is to know) is (still) poorly (inadequately) understood.
Compared with the current research, the previous work was in connection with …
The work we are doing is closely related to the deliberations described in …
The new findings from the experiment agree well with the results obtained in …
Several (numerous, many, few) studies are made (carried out, performed) to elucidate the nature (understand the behavior, reveal the cause) of …
Astudy of the the kind has (never) been made (until now, until a few years ago)
3．问题的难易程度（difficulty of the problem）
It seems (exceedingly, enormously) difficulty to obtain knowledge of the problem …
It proves (totally, quite) impossible (unrealistic) to try …
It is rather difficulte to solve the problem …
The problem is rather involved …
The problem involves (cetain, tremendous) difficulties.
It is easy to present (reveal, analyze, discuss) the problem in all its complexity (in every detail).
It is no easy task to gain a insight into the intricate detail of …
4．问题的范围（scope of the problem）
The main aspect (core, essence) of problem is …
Studies of these effects cover various aspects of …
Our studies with this technique confine to …
The problem is within the scope of …
Our problem lies beyond the range of …
正文
1．理论说明（theoretical explanations）
Our theory is based on the assumption that …
This theory proceeds from the idea (principle) of …
The underlying concept of the theory is as follows.
There is a similar (alternative, tentative) theory that …
The basic (essential, fundamental) feature of this theory is …
The object of this theory is to …
The newly advanced theory has some advantages (assets, strong points, positive features, deficiencies, drawback, inadequacies, flaws, shortcomings) .
The validity of the theory has become obvious in the light of recent findings.
This newly-developed theory finds experimental support ..
The theory received universal recognition (general acceptance).
2．公式推导（formulas derivation）
… is given by:
… as follows:
… as in the following:
… the following equation is obtained.
… this becomes
therefore, we have
… can be expressed as
… can be derived:
… can be written:
… can be described by …
… can be represented as
3．方法介绍（method introduction）
the method of … was first developed by …
the method of …came into use as long ago as
the original proposal of this method was first published in …
the method we used differs from the conventional one.
The newly-elaborated technique is different from the one previously used.
The method is now greatly improved. …
The procedure we followed has certain advantages over the existing method.
One of the assets of the technique is its simplicity (reliability, sensitivity).
Another good feature of this method is …
This method allows us to demonstrate …
The above procedure makes it possible to evaluate …
This method is capable of providing …
4．实验描述（experiment description）
We made (carried out, performed, initiated ) this experiment to show (demonstrate, elucidate, evaluate) a correlation between (certain phenomena, the mechanism of, the hypothesis of, some features of )…
Experiments on … are made (underway) to …
Earlier (previous) experiments with this technique were intended (designed, designated) to …
The experiments reported here demonstrate a variety of changes in (a correlation between, a much resistance to) …
Our experiment support our assumption (hypothesis, evidence) that …
Recent experiments with … furnish some new information (for the data, new evidence) about the mechanism (the influence) of …
Further experiments in this area lead us to conclude (believe, suggest) that …
From these experiments we can conclude that …
结论
1．结果的意义（meaning of the results）
The results presented in this paper are (seem) …
The findings reported here is (quite) striking (remarkable, fascinating).
These preliminary findings are very reliable (encouraging, promising. Convincing, ambiguous)
The results reported here prove (confirm, suport, bear out) the hypothesis (assumption, observation) that …
The above findings can be viewed (approached) as follows (in terms of.., from other standpoint).
We can consider (interpret, look at) these results as fully reliable (consistent with) …
This fruitful work gives explanation to …
2．导致结论（Conclusion deduced）
Our findings suggests that …
These findings lead the auther to a conclusion that …
Our data leave open the question of whether …
In the future, we will extend the persent studies to …
Our work has contributed to the understanding of …
The research work has brought about a discovery of …
Further progress can be provided by this experiment.
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