病例报告通过描述新疾病、疾病机制、治疗方法以及药物的不利或有益作用,为医学知识体系提供了独特的价值。记录、与同事讨论以及将临床观察结果作为病例报告发布的行为对于医学和患者护理仍然至关重要。这些简短的沟通产生或强化了可能导致在更大的研究设计中进行进一步评估的假设。病例报告提供对个体患者的症状、体征、诊断、治疗和随访的详细描述,反映了临床经验并支持医学进步。但是病例报告缺少统计抽样,不包括对照,样本量有限(一到数人),并且是非盲的,这些都限制了病例报告的研究结果。一般医学期刊很少发表病例报告,通常只发表那些提供与干预措施相关的不良事件新信息的病例报告。期刊编辑可能也会限制接收案例报告投稿,因为病例报告引用频率低于荟萃分析和随机对照试验,这会对期刊的影响因子产生负面影响。
大型随机研究的优点众所周知,但许多临床医生认识到病例报告作为循证医学补充的价值。临床实践的基于病例的性质常常与研究的基于人群的性质不一致,研究的结果可能与个体患者没有什么相关性。严格的纳入标准和随机试验中缺乏合并症通常会造成典型患者群体与研究中代表的群体之间的脱节。病例报告提供了一名或少数患者的足够详细信息,供临床医生与他们自己的实践联系起来。它们具有教育意义并且读起来很有趣。对于临床研究中报告具有固有异质性的个体病例的挑战性和以患者为中心的任务以及适用于现实生活环境的目标,病例报告指南提供了病例报告完整性和透明度的框架。该指南有助于在足够的细节和简洁的写作之间找到平衡。
为了回应人们新的兴趣和对其价值的认可,近年来发表病例报告的同行评审期刊数量已增加到 160 多种。在无纸化期刊、空间限制很少的数字时代,病例报告又重新兴起。数字格式有利于搜索,这是其实用性的关键因素。大多数病例报告期刊都是开放获取,接受率很高。随着新科学期刊数量的增加,在费用、同行评审和学术证书方面误导研究人员的可疑出版商数量也在增加。
新病例报告期刊
随着对病例报告出版机会不断增长的需求,到 2015 年中期,专注于病例报告的新同行评审期刊数量已增至 160 多种,由 78 家出版商出版。这一时期恰逢 2000 年代末的大衰退以及随之而来的研究资金的下降。一些新期刊涵盖普通医学,某些期刊涵盖特定治疗领域。大多数病例报告期刊 (94%) 都是开放获取的,大约 40% 的期刊已在 PubMed 中编入索引。病例报告期刊涵盖的临床问题包括以前未报告的药物或其他治疗的不良反应、观察或治疗患者过程中发生的意外事件、对疾病发病机制的观察、新出现的疾病的表现和/或管理、新的治疗方法方法、患者管理中的道德挑战等。
开放获取出版提供免费且不受限制的研究和学术使用,许多研究人员认为这对于数字世界中科学的有效传播至关重要。开放获取模式通常要求作者在接受后支付稿件处理费和出版费,通常在 300 美元到 1200 美元之间不等。通过开放获取使学术出版物更容易获取的举措继续获得研究界的支持。开放获取出版商 BioMed Central 于 2000 年推出,当年在 60 种期刊上发表了 231 篇文章。2015 年,这一数字增至 290 多种期刊的 30,000 多篇文章。2014 年,BioMed Central 文章的访问量超过 2.77 亿次,引用量为 426,000 次。同样,开放获取出版商 PLOS ONE 的出版物数量从 2006 年成立时的 138 种增加到 2015 年的 28,107 种。
表1:病例报告期刊 | ||||
Journal title | Publisher/Society | Year launched | Open access | PubMed indexed |
A&A Case Reports | Wolters Kluwer Health/International Anesthesia Research Society | 2013 | No | No |
AACE Clinical Case Reports | American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists | 2015 | Yes | No |
ACG Case Reports Journal | American College of Gastroenterology | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
AJP Reports | Thieme Medical Publishers | 2011 | Yes | No |
American Journal of Cancer Case Reports | Ivy Union Publishing | 2013 | Yes | No |
American Journal of Case Reports | International Scientific Information | 2001 | Yes | Yes |
Aperito Journal of Case Reports: Clinical | Aperito Online Publishing | 2015 | Yes | No |
APSP Journal of Case Reports | EL-MED-Pub Publishers/Association of Paediatric Surgeons of Pakistan | 2010 | Yes | Yes |
Austin Cardio & Cardiovascular Case Reports | Austin Publishing Group | 2015 | Yes | No |
Austin Gynecology Case Reports | Austin Publishing Group | 2015 | Yes | No |
Austin Journal of Clinical Case Reports | Austin Publishing Group | 2014 | Yes | No |
Austin Oncology Case Reports | Austin Publishing Group | 2015 | Yes | No |
Autopsy and Case Reports | Hospital Universitario of the University of San Paulo | 2011 | Yes | No |
BJR Case Reports | British Institute of Radiology | 2015 | Yes | No |
BMJ Case Reports | BMJ Publishing Group | 2008 | No | |
Case Reports in Anesthesiology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Cardiology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Clinical Medicine | Scientific Research Publishing | 2012 | Yes | No |
Case Reports in Critical Care | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Dermatology | Karger | 2009 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Emergency Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Endocrinology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Gastroenterology | Karger | 2007 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Genetics | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Hematology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Hepatology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Immunology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Internal Medicine | Sciedu Press | 2014 | Yes | No |
Case Reports in Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2009 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Nephrology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis | Karger | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Neurological Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Neurology | Karger | 2009 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Oncological Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Oncology | Karger | 2008 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Ophthalmology | Karger | 2010 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Orthopedics | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Otolaryngology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Pancreatic Cancer | Mary Ann Liebert Inc. Publishing | 2015 | Yes | No |
Case Reports in Pathology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Pediatrics | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Perinatal Medicine | De Gruyter | 2012 | Optional | No |
Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery | Taylor & Francis/Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica Society | 2014 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Psychiatry | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Pulmonology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Radiology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Rheumatology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Surgery | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Transplantation | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Urology | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Vascular Medicine | Hindawi Publishing | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Case Reports in Women’s Health | Elsevier | 2014 | Yes | No |
Case Reports International | Edorium Journals | 2012 | Yes | No |
Case Reports: Open Access | Jscholar | 2015 | Yes | No |
Case Study and Case Report | Sageya Publishing | 2011 | Yes | No |
CEN Case Reports | Springer/Japanese Society of Nephrology | 2012 | Optional | No |
Clinical Case Reports | Wiley | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
Clinical Case Reports and Reviews | Open Access Text | 2015 | Yes | No |
Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism | CIC Edizioni Internazionali/Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Medicine | 2004 | Yes | Yes |
Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports | Libertas Academia | 2008 | Yes | Yes |
Clinics and Practice | PAGEPress | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
Cold Spring Harbor Molecular Case Studies | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | 2015 | Yes | No |
Dermatology Case Reports | OMICS International | 2015 | Yes | No |
Diabetes Case Reports | OMICS International | 2015 | Yes | No |
Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism Case Reports | Bioscientifica | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports | Elsevier | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine | European Federation of Internal Medicine | 2014 | Yes | No |
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports | Thieme Medical Publishers | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
European Journal of Surgical Cases | Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi | 2010 | Yes | No |
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes Reports | Thieme Medical Publishers | 2014 | Yes | No |
Global Journal of Medical and Clinical Case Reports | PeerTechz | 2014 | Yes | No |
Grand Rounds | e-MED | 2001 | Yes | No |
Gynecologic Oncology Reports | Elsevier | 2011 | Yes | Yes |
HeartRhythm Case Reports | Elsevier/Heart Rhythm Society | 2015 | Yes | No |
Human Pathology: Case Reports | Elsevier | 2014 | yes | No |
IDCases | Elsevier | 2014 | Yes | No |
IJSS Case Reports & Reviews | IJSS Group of Journals/Society of Malaysian Medical Association’s Medical Students and European Medical Student’s Association | 2014 | Yes | No |
Indian Journal of Medical Case Reports | CIBTech | 2012 | Yes | No |
Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery: Advanced Techniques and Case Management | Elsevier | 2014 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Advances in Case Reports | McMed International | 2014 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Case Reports and Images | Edorium Journals | 2010 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Case Reports in Medicine | IBIMA Publishing | 2012 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Case Studies | unclear | 2012 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Clinical Case Studies | Graphy Publications | 2014 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Clinical Cases and Investigations | unclear | 2010 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Case Reports | ScienceDomain International | 2014 | Yes | No |
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports | Elsevier | 2010 | Yes | Yes |
International Medical Case Reports Journal | Dove Medical Press | 2008 | Yes | Yes |
JAAD Case Reports | Elsevier/American Academy of Dermatology | 2015 | Yes | No |
Jacobs Journal of Clinical Case Reports | Jacobs Publishers | 2015 | Yes | No |
JBJS Case Connector | STRIATUS Orthopaedic Communications | 2011 | No | No |
JCRS Online Case Reports | Elsevier/American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons | 2013 | Yes | No |
JMM Case Reports | Microbiology Society | 2014 | Yes | No |
Joseph Journal of Clinical Studies and Medical Case Reports | Joseph Publishing Group | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Anaesthesia & Critical Care Case Reports | International Academic Research Group | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Cardiology Cases | Elsevier/Japanese College of Cardiology | 2010 | No | No |
Journal of Case Reports | unclear | 2011 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports and Clinical Research Studies | VRJ Publishers | 2014 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports and Images in Medicine | Edorium | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports and Images in Obstetrics and Gynecology | Edorium | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports and Images in Oncology | Edorium | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports and Images in Pathology | Edorium | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports and Images in Surgery | Edorium | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports and Studies | Annex Publishers | 2013 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports in Medicine | Ashdin Publishing | 2012 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports in Oncology and Therapy | EJourPub | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Case Reports in Practice | Saman Publishing | 2013 | Yes | No |
Journal of Clinical & Medical Case Reports | Avens Publishing Group | 2013 | Yes | No |
Journal of Clinical and Translational Endocrinology Case Reports | Elsevier | 2015 | Yes | No |
Journal of Clinical Case Reports | OMICS International | 2011 | Yes | No |
Journal of Clinical Studies & Medical Case Reports | Herald Scholarly Open Access | 2014 | Yes | No |
Journal of Dermatological Case Reports | Specjaliści Dermatolodzy | 2007 | No | No |
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports | SAGE Publications | 2013 | Yes | No |
Journal of Knee Surgery Reports | Thieme Medical Publishers | 2013 | Yes | No |
Journal of Medical Case Reports | BioMed Central | 2007 | Yes | Yes |
Journal of Medical Cases | Elmer Press | 2010 | Yes | No |
Journal of Neurological Surgery Reports | Thieme Medical Publishers | 2012 | Yes | Yes |
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports | Indian Orthopaedic Research Group | 2011 | Yes | No |
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports | Elsevier | 2013 | Yes | No |
Journal of Radiology Case Reports | EduRad Publishing | 2008 | Yes | Yes |
Journal of Surgical Case Reports | Oxford University Press | 2010 | Yes | Yes |
Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report | Wolters Kluwer Health | 2014 | Yes | Yes |
Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases | Elsevier/Society for Vascular Surgery | 2015 | Yes | No |
JPRAS Open | Elsevier/British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons | 2015 | Yes | No |
JSM Clinical Case Reports | JSciMed Central | 2013 | Yes | No |
Medical Case Studies | Academic Journals | 2010 | Yes | No |
Medical Mycology Case Reports | Elsevier/International Society for Human and Animal Mycology | 2012 | Yes | Yes |
MOJ Clinical & Medical Case Reports | MedCrave | 2015 | Yes | No |
Neurocase | Taylor & Francis | 1995 | Optional | Yes |
NMC Case Report Journal | Japan Neurosurgical Society | 2014 | Yes | No |
OA Case Reports | OA Publishing London | 2012 | yes | No |
Oncology & Cancer Case Reports | OMICS International | 2015 | Yes | No |
Open Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports | unclear | 2015 | Yes | No |
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases | Elsevier | 2015 | yes | No |
Oxford Medical Case Reports | Oxford University Press | 2014 | Yes | Yes |
Pathology Case Reviews | Wolters Kluwer Health | 1996 | No | No |
Pediatric Urology Case Reports | Hayrettin Ozturk | 2014 | Yes | No |
Radiology Case Reports | Elsevier/University of Washington | 2006 | Yes | No |
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports | Elsevier | 2008 | Yes | Yes |
Respirology Case Reports | Wiley/Asian Pacific Society of Respirology | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
Retinal Cases and Brief Reports | Wolters Kluwer Health | 2007 | Optional | Yes |
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports | SAGE Publications | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
Scholarena Journal of Case Reports | Scholarena | 2014 | Yes | No |
Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports | SAS Publishers | 2013 | Yes | No |
Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review | Sageya Publishing | 2012 | Yes | No |
Surgical Case Reports | Springer/Japan Surgical Society | 2015 | Yes | No |
The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon Reports | Thieme Medical Publishers | 2014 | Yes | Yes |
Translational Medicine Case Reports | Elsevier/European Society for Translational Medicine | 2015 | Yes | No |
Trauma Case Reports | Elsevier | 2015 | Yes | No |
Urology Case Reports | Elsevier | 2013 | yes | No |
World Journal of Clinical Cases | Baishideng Publishing Group | 2013 | Yes | Yes |
World Journal of Medical and Surgical Case Reports | Narain Publishers | 2012 | Yes | No |
源于Akers.New journals for publishing medical case reports |
有争议的期刊和出版商
随着科学出版从订阅收入的商业模式转向开放获取,开放获取期刊的数量呈爆炸式增长。然而,收费出版的期刊数量激增,引起了全球研究界许多人的警惕。
除了许多受人尊敬的开放获取出版商之外,还有一些人怀着恶意进入了这个出版领域。一些人将其视为开放获取的「黑暗面」,即越来越多的伪学术期刊,其中许多期刊与知名期刊具有相似但不完全相同的网站和名称。许多网站看起来非常相似,以至于进行在线研究的非专家很难区分可信研究和垃圾研究。
经验丰富的学者被误导提交手稿,甚至担任伪学术期刊的编辑委员会成员,这些协议往往很难撤销。大多数这些期刊不公布其出版费,而且作者通常在提交稿件后才会被告知费用。将同一篇论文提交给合法期刊之前必须撤回稿件,可能需要先支付高额费用。对于一些作者来说,这意味着他们的作品可能会被声名狼藉的出版商夺走。许多研究人员抱怨执行不力或缺乏同行评审、隐藏提交和出版费用以及未经批准将研究人员的名字纳入编辑委员会。
丹佛科罗拉多大学 Auraria 图书馆的馆员兼副教授杰弗里·比尔 (Jeffrey Beall) 创造了「掠夺性开放获取出版商」(predatory open access publishing)一词来描述这种情况。他是开放获取出版的批评者,指责该系统造成了掠夺性出版商的问题。他的博客虽然在 2017 年 1 月被 不明原因删除,但他仍密切关注开放获取出版商,他保留了一份「潜在的、可能的或可能的掠夺性学术开放获取出版商」的清单以及另一份独立期刊的清单。他列入名单的标准源自出版伦理委员会 (Committee on Publication Ethics,COPE) 的「期刊出版商行为规范」(Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers),以及COPE、开放存取学术出版社协会(Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association;OASPA)和世界医学编辑协会 (World Association of Medical Editors) 的「学术出版的透明性原则和最佳实践」原则。同样,这些信息可以帮助作者辨别他们是否可以信任特定的出版商或期刊。
美国联邦贸易委员会 (Federal Trade Commission,FTC) 已注意到可疑的出版行为。2016 年 8 月,它对 OMICS 集团提起诉讼,这是一家总部位于印度的全球企业集团,出版 700 多种开放获取期刊。该诉讼声称 OMICS 集团误导了研究人员,特别是在同行评审过程(或缺乏同行评审过程)和高额费用方面,而这些费用在作者提交稿件时并不明显。根据联邦贸易委员会的说法,该诉讼的目的是更好地告知作者出版费用并建立更透明的同行评审制度。
监管机构和作者面临的挑战是确定出版商何时不值得信任或根本不专业。一些出版商可能会因糟糕的文案编辑或业余的网站设计而受到怀疑,但这可能并不反映出对学术标准的彻底忽视。重要的是不要将缺乏经验的初创出版商列入黑名单。维护信誉不良的出版商名单的另一个问题是,由于山寨期刊通常是短暂的,黑名单将继续增长,但个别条目可能很快就会过时。
选择正确的期刊:思考、查看、提交
「思考、查看、提交」运动是为了回应对出版实践的担忧而发起的,这项努力得到了学术出版组织联盟的支持。「思考、查看、提交」采取积极的方法帮助研究人员识别可信的期刊,为选择发表期刊提供最新的指导。
要确定期刊是否可信,建议作者遵循以下清单:
- 您或您的同事了解该期刊吗?
- 您以前读过该杂志上的任何文章吗?
- 很容易发现期刊的最新论文吗?
- 您能轻松明确并联系出版商吗?
- 期刊网站上是否清楚地显示了出版商名称?
- 您可以通过电话、电子邮件和邮寄的方式联系出版商吗?
- 该期刊是否清楚说明其使用同行评审?
- 期刊网站是否解释了这些费用的用途以及何时收取?
- 你认识编委会成员吗?
- 您听说过编委会成员吗?
- 编委会成员是否在自己的网站上提及该期刊?
- 出版商是公认的行业倡议的成员吗?
- 出版商是否属于 COPE ?
- 如果期刊是开放获取的,它是否列在开放获取期刊目录 (DOAJ) 中?
- 如果期刊是开放获取的,出版商是否属于 OASPA?
- 出版商是其他行业协会的成员吗?
影响因子
期刊影响因子由汤森路透计算和发布,衡量两年内发表的论文每篇已发表文章的平均引用次数。随着时间的推移,影响因子已成为期刊声誉和吸引力的标志。对一篇论文价值的判断通常更多地基于该论文发表的期刊而不是其内容。许多研究人员认为,对影响因素的依赖低估了学科或研究设计的价值,例如引用率较低的案例报告。
总体而言,一篇文章的引用次数与证据的层次结构相称,荟萃分析比其他研究设计获得更多的引用。案例报告通常很少被引用,尽管也有明显的例外。然而,一篇文章的被引用次数并不一定反映该文章的阅读范围或研究结果在主流媒体的传播程度。
人们已经开始努力在科学传播中拥抱更广泛的价值观念,并可能减少影响因素的影响。美国微生物学会 (ASM) 期刊不再在其网站上宣传影响因子。同样,《自然》杂志认识到影响因子只是众多指标之一,因此列出了一套基于引文的指标。
只有一份病例报告期刊 Taylor & Francis 的Neurocase获得了影响因子 (1.124),其历史可追溯至 1998 年。
总之,病例报告期刊数量的增长为作者提供了多种发表途径,但同时也给期刊选择过程带来了新的不确定性。选择期刊时要考虑的因素有:期刊涵盖的主题、目标读者、字数限制和出版时间。
via:Rison RA, Shepphird JK, Kidd MR. How to choose the best journal for your case report. J Med Case Rep. 2017 Jul 22;11(1):198. doi: 10.1186/s13256-017-1351-y. Erratum in: J Med Case Rep. 2017 Oct 5;11(1):287. PMID: 28732524; PMCID: PMC5522590.